3. Contrast deep dive: figure & ground
Graphic Design · 52 pages source format
Figure-ground relationships, alignment as invisible glue, and proximity grouping — the Gestalt basics that make layouts feel “designed” without decoration.
What you'll learn
- Figure/ground
- Proximity & alignment
- Visual tension vs harmony
Figure and ground
Every layout has a ground (background) and figures (content). Flip them intentionally — dark mode posters use light type on dark ground.
Do this now
Redesign your night market poster in two versions: light ground and dark ground. Same hierarchy, different mood.
Alignment grid (informal)
Before a formal grid, align edges. Misaligned elements look amateur even with good type.
Do this now
Turn on Figma layout guides. Align every text block to a shared left or center axis.
Proximity groups meaning
Things close together relate. Space separates sections. Do not rely on boxes and lines when space can do the job.
Do this now
Add a second content block (e.g. lineup or menu items). Group with proximity only — no divider lines.